Mortality and Expense Fee (M&E)
The asset-based M&E fee that is charged on all variable annuity contracts is designed to pay for four things:
The cost of these insurance features typically ranges up to 1.5% of the total value of your variable annuity each year, with the 2000/2001 average at 1.158% according to VARDS. In most cases, the fee is subtracted proportionally from each of the investment portfolios into which you’ve put money.
When comparing a number of contracts, you’ll find that sometimes the M&E fee is higher than average, while administrative and maintenance fees are lower, or vice versa. Experts suggest that what you look at is the entire fee package, rather than any single component, in evaluating a contract.
Management Fees (Sub-Account Expenses)
Asset-based management fees are used to pay the investment portfolio manager as well as other expenses associated with administering variable annuities. These fees are described in the prospectus, and are sometimes broken down into an investment advisory fee and an operating expense fee. Or they’re aggregated under the management fees heading. These fees don’t appear as a separate figure on your regular statements but are reflected in your portfolio values.
According to the National Association for Variable Annuities (NAVA), management fees average about 0.77% annually, but the actual charge can vary quite dramatically, based on the size of the fund or the way the portfolio invests. For example, fees on index portfolios tend to be significantly lower than fees on international equity portfolios or those requiring extensive or ongoing research and oversight.
In a fixed account within variable annuities contracts, the expenses are paid by the account’s interest margin. This margin is the difference between the percentage being earned on investments made by the company and the percentage being credited to your account as earnings.
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A Lifetime Income Benefit (LIB) rider attached to a variable annuity provides a guarantee* by the insurance company of a regular monthly, quarterly, or annual payment for your lifetime, even if your account balance is reduced to zero. LIBs also allow you to base the withdrawal percentage on some minimum compounded growth rate, usually 5%-7%. If your account value appreciates, many variable annuity contracts have the option of locking in the increased account value on a contract anniversary, which is also known as “stepping up” the amount on which the withdrawal percentage is based. This permits you to participate in higher risk equity sub-accounts while providing the protection of a minimum growth rate. The three examples below each assume a $250,000 investment in a variable annuity with a LIB that has a guaranteed minimum growth rate of 5%, regardless of market performance.
What to look for when purchasing a Lifetime Income Benefit rider Guaranteed Minimum Growth Rate: LIBs generally allow you to base the withdrawal percentage on some minimum compounded growth rate (such as 5%). Maximum Withdrawal Amount: Make sure that the LIB’s maximum withdrawal amount is consistent with your income needs. Most LIBs allow you to withdraw between 5% and 7% annually, although a few offer higher percentages. Step-Up: As mentioned in the Fluctuating Market Example above, a step-up can be an important feature of an LIB when your account value increases. Be certain the LIB that you purchase contains a step-up provision. Fees: Fees for the LIBs range from 0.25% to 1.00% annually. However, a lower fee does not always mean a better LIB. It is more important that the LIB's benefits fit your individual needs. In addition to the LIB fee, also consider the step-up provision, maximum withdrawal percentage, as well as other fees associated with the annuity, such as M&E and sub-account expenses. * Guarantees are based on the claims-paying ability of the issuing company or companies.
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